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	<title>小白鼠 &#8211; 蘭亭花集</title>
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	<description>達人和花友每日分享專業的養花知識、技巧和圖片。</description>
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		<title>戶外有毒植物科普：多穗金粟蘭</title>
		<link>https://www.lantinghuaji.com/post/33886.html</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Apr 2019 02:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[金粟蘭]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[四葉]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[小白鼠]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[肝壞死]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[#清風計劃#戶外有毒植物科普：多穗金粟蘭學名及別名：多穗金粟蘭。四葉對根煎汁灌飼小白鼠，解剖見各臟器充血，其肝臟各葉近肝門處有大出血灶，鏡檢該處肝細胞有壞死。]]></description>
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<p><a class="tteditor-forum" data-name="清風計劃" data-uid="false" data-id="1623417676578820" data-concern-id="1623417676578820">#清風計劃#</a>戶外有毒植物科普：多穗金粟蘭</p>
<div class="pgc-img"><img class="aligncenter" src="//www.lantinghuaji.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20210731094356-61051b5c00ae2.jpg" alt="戶外有毒植物科普：多穗金粟蘭"></div>
<p>學名及別名：</p>
<p>多穗金粟蘭（Chloranthus multistachys Pei），別名四葉對、及己、四大天王、四葉細辛，古籍別名「獐耳細辛」。</p>
<div class="pgc-img"><img class="aligncenter" src="//www.lantinghuaji.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20210731094356-61051b5c0fd3c.jpg" alt="戶外有毒植物科普：多穗金粟蘭"></div>
<p>來源：</p>
<p>本品為金粟蘭科及己和其同屬植物的根火全草，供藥用。有散瘀活血、殺蟲、鎮痛等作用。服藥過量引起中毒。</p>
<p>產於四川奉節、城口、南川、古藺、屏山、蒼溪、青川、漢川等縣。生於海拔700-1500米的山坡闊葉林下和山谷溪邊。分布於河南、陝西、貴州、湖北、湖南、江西、江蘇、浙江、福建，廣東、廣西等省、區。</p>
<div class="pgc-img"><img class="aligncenter" src="//www.lantinghuaji.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20210731094356-61051b5c1dfec.jpg" alt="戶外有毒植物科普：多穗金粟蘭"></div>
<p>成分：</p>
<p>已知有黃酮甙、酚類和醣類等。</p>
<div class="pgc-img"><img class="aligncenter" src="//www.lantinghuaji.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20210731094356-61051b5c2a4c4.jpg" alt="戶外有毒植物科普：多穗金粟蘭"></div>
<p>毒理作用：</p>
<p>民間用於內服或外敷治療勞傷，但毒性較大。常言道：「及己入口，使人吐血」。</p>
<p>一般認為，服用四葉對三株以上，服後3－4日出現病危或死亡。四葉對根煎汁灌飼小白鼠，解剖見各臟器充血，其肝臟各葉近肝門處有大出血灶，鏡檢該處肝細胞有壞死。</p>
<p>徐氏等曾報告急性中毒死亡，屍檢所見，內臟廣泛出血、水腫，胃內找到及己根。1972年金華地區醫院報告一例，四天內共服四葉對22株，引起蓄積中毒，患者第5天死於急性肝壞死。</p>
<div class="pgc-img"><img class="aligncenter" src="//www.lantinghuaji.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20210731094356-61051b5c387ba.jpg" alt="戶外有毒植物科普：多穗金粟蘭"></div>
<p>臨床中毒表現：</p>
<p>噁心、嘔吐、口渴、頭暈乏力、眼花，結合膜充血、胃脘有燒灼感、齒齦發黑，心悸、脈數。</p>
<p>重度中毒時，則有四肢抽搐、譫妄、躁動不安，甚至昏迷。有的出現明顯鞏膜黃染，及肝腎功能損害。</p>
<div class="pgc-img"><img class="aligncenter" src="//www.lantinghuaji.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20210731094356-61051b5c475c3.jpg" alt="戶外有毒植物科普：多穗金粟蘭"></div>
<p>急救處理：</p>
<p>一般輕症時，民間給予患者服醬油湯2－3杯；或用當歸三錢、黑豆廿粒，煎水內服；或用香茶菜、陰地厥各一兩煎服。</p>
<p>還應採取對症治療，給予靜脈注射高深葡萄糖和大劑量維生素丙保護肝臟；有出血傾向時給予止血藥。</p>
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